How do astronauts keep healthy?

How do t he Int ernat ional Space St at ion (ISS) ast ronaut s keep f it ? And what happens, if t hey get ill?
Inside the ISS, the astronauts orbit Earth in a state of weightlessness, and if their stay lasts for weeks or months, keeping fit is a specific challenge. The human body is used to the gravity on Earth, and without this effect, muscles and

bones will weaken fast. After just six months in space, up to 15 % of the muscle mass and up to 10 % of the bone mass will disappear. Consequently, special exercise equipment is required aboard the station. The astronauts exercise in at least three different ways, using treadmills, exercise bikes, and a versatile exercise bench, which can be utilised to strengthen several different groups of muscles. Although astronauts on long missions exercise two hours a day, they will still lose muscle and bone mass, but not as much as without exercise.
If an astronaut is very unlucky and needs medical treatment, at least one of the astronauts on every mission ISS will have

high-level first aid and medication training as the “flight doctor”. Moreover, the space station is stocked with many types of medication, equipment for infection testing of saliva and blood, plus a heart defibrillator. A sophisticated ISS monitoring system keeps an eye on the quality of the air and sounds the alarm if toxic gasses or unhealthy microbes are detected. And as a matter of standard procedure, the staff tests the water quality and whether there are bacteria on any surfaces inside the station. In the longer term, the astronauts’ health may be affected by cosmic radiation, which can cause a slightly increased risk of developing cancer and damage to the nervous system. 

SOLAR-POWERED PLANE TRAVELS ROUND THE WORLD

TECHNOLOGY In March 2015, the Solar Impulse 2 solar cell plane will take off for a 35,000 km mission around the world – without consuming as much as one droplet of fuel. More than 17,000 solar cells mounted on the aircraft wings, which are bigger than those of a jumbo jet, will supply the energy required for the flight.
The Solar Impulse 2 is made of super strong and ultralight carbon fibre composites with a surface of integrated solar panels which will supply all the energy for four propeller

engines. The energy is stored in lithium batteries, allowing the aircraft to remain in the air around the clock.
The solar plane was already introduced in April 2014 and is the successor of the Solar Impulse, which took off for the first time in 2010. The predecessor has completed several missions, including one from San Francisco to New York.
The man behind the plane is engineer Bertrand Piccard. He hopes that the winged solar aircraft can inspire other solar powered planes. 

Flying solar cell is ultralight
The plane body is made of ultralight carbon fibre, consuming as little energy as possible. The top of the plane is covered in 17,000+ solar cells, which supply all the energy. 

Volcanic island doubled

A fuming volcanic island has risen out of the Pacific Ocean about 1,000 km south of the Japanese capital of Tokyo. The volcanic island "vomited" magma, until – after months of slow approaches – fusing with the nearby island of Nishino-shima. The new island is approximately 1000 metres long and 60 metres high at its most elevated point. 

ASTEROIDS COULD DESTROY CITIES

GEOLOGY Scientists have made a list of the number of asteroids that hit Earth in 2000- 2013. A total of 26 times, our world was struck by violent explosions, which were caused by asteroids.
The count demonstrates that asteroid impacts are not rare, but it also shows us how often we should expect asteroid impacts that could ruin entire cities. According to the scientists, an impact of this type takes place

every 100 years. The latest asteroid of this force hit the Russian city of Tunguska in 1908. The asteroid had a 45 m diameter and an explosive energy of 5 megatonnes (corresponding to 5,000 kilotonnes).
The impacts of the report ranked between 1 and 600 kilotonnes, as measured by a global network of sensors. In comparison, the Hiroshima nuclear bomb of 1945 had an explosive power of 15 kilotonnes.